Introduction With the advance of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV infected people are living longer. While they are less likely to be dying from opportunistic infections, one of the main causes of death today is complication from chronic liver disease, especially chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) diseases. Since HIV, […]

Introduction Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan of worldwide distribution. It was discovered over 100 years ago and is now regarded as one of the most successful parasites in view of its ability to infect and replicate in almost all warm-blooded animals. Infection in immunocompetent human has generally been regarded as of […]

Introduction Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) refers to infections caused by one of the two nontuberculous mycobacterial species, namely Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. The clinical spectrum is limited predominantly to pulmonary diseases and lymphadenitis in normal hosts and disseminated disease in HIV-infected patients. Since 1982, the incidence of disease due to MAC has increased, coinciding […]